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ARCHAEOLOGY - AMAZONIA COLOMBIANA

The Colombian Amazon was inhabited by human populations for more than ten thousand years. Before the Iberian conquest in this region and numerous settlements had adapted to the environment and the ability to successfully manage production systems, reproduction of environments and ecosystems, social organization, complex structures of thought and knowledge, based on a philosophy respect for nature and human nature.

While it is currently impossible any archeology overall presentation of the Colombian Amazon by insufficient research in this field, we can construct a scenario of population systems in the region. Complementing the data from the archaeological investigations in the Amazon (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela) with contemporary ethnographic inferences can be tentatively view the process of settlement and regional development in the Amazon territories of our country.

Since in Colombia displayed signs indicating the presence of hunters and gatherers in the Open (Cundinamarca) circa 10,450 A . C., presumably Amazon was also being populated by humans during the Paleoindian period. We accept the hypothesis that the initial peopling of the Americas did, some 40 millennia ago, Asian groups that came from Siberia. Few thousand years ago would have also produced a wave of people to South America, from Southeast Asia.

In the Amazon basin were developed for thousands of years, complex aboriginal cultures. The region was originally occupied by hunter-gatherers.

The Amazon provided a very important contingent domestic plant to mankind as the manioc and sweet, cocoa, coca, yopo, pineapple, annatto and peach.

Archaeologists have found numerous sites in the vicinity of the Amazon River that reveal the existence of large settlements. Archaeological materials from the town of La Pedrera have resemblance to pottery remains found in the lower Caquetá, which are included in the so-called Phase Yapura with mostly zoomorphic figures (ducks, bats, etc.)..

Araracuara The journey from La Pedrera and is dotted with stones where native recorded numerous figures. Among the outstanding rock art motifs that transform human faces its expression along the River. There are also numerous representations of animals and abstract symbols. Some of these reasons appear to relate to oral traditions of the Huitotos. According to the Indians Andoques, the petroglyphs were made by a generation of giants who preceded the present humanity, these amounted to penetrate Caquetá river also in some of its major tributaries.

The Colombian bank of the Amazon River, was inhabited in the fourteenth century by Omagua culture. Leticia was located near the province Aparia the Great, one of the most prominent of the region.

One of the most rich history in the town of Araracuara, seat of ancient cultures that left numerous testimonies of its activity. It is known that the area was occupied for 10,000 years, on the left bank from the store Santanilla floating to the bottom of the cave Guácharos Canyon and within the University of Pittsburgh.

This trip can be inventoried and photographed countless petroglyphs during the months of December to March. Upon entering the canyon, in Port Arthur are also beautiful prints. The observation is supplemented through examining the river and the Stone Andoques of famous in the region.

The most spectacular are found in the raudalera Guaimaraya to 80 Km. by river from Araracuara where some engraved with mystical traditions, especially those concerning the origin of mankind from Ancestral Snake.

Training stage:

Since the beginning of our era, the Amazon region was densely populated by large concentrations human. These people used seasonally various ecosystems while complementing the occasional hunting and gathering to agriculture products and fishery resources. One might suppose that they were abundant corn crops in some lands adjoining the rivers Caquetá and Putumayo and cassava was the basis of subsistence in the surrounding areas.

The Omagua, which occupied half the banks of the Amazon practiced horticulture and agriculture (corn) as well as fishing and waterfowl hunting on land that is flooded annually. Hunting was an activity not only for subsistence but a spiritual confrontation.

Society:

is possible that indigenous societies that lived along major navigable rivers have developed over centuries BC a type of organization or complex chiefdom maximum based on the mode of production maloquero. The organization of residential around a main longhouse, with administrative and ceremonial (ritual) has been a common feature of much of Amazonian societies.

housing styles, pottery, basketry, among others, also turned into signs that distinguish the lineages, clans, and ethnic maloqueras units.

painting, body adornment and clothing indicated the identity of ethnic groups.

Material Culture:


in the Amazon have later dates on ceramics business, almost two millennia after the dates for the earliest known American pottery. No data are yet available from archaeological excavations to investigate the Paleoindian Lithic stage and early ceramic phases. The results of the investigations so far relate pottery traditions from the first century BC for Araracuara area and from the sixth century AD to the area the Pedrera, both banks of the Caquetá - Yapura.

The metallurgy of gold and other precious metals had its development in the Amazon (Guainia and Vaupés) since pre-Columbian times.

posted by the website of the National Cultural Information System (SINIC) of the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Colombia. (Http://www.sinic.gov.co/SINIC/)