PARÁ LIVING IN VOLUNTARY ISOLATION 
Many Amazonian groups face extinction as spaces disappear in which to live away from the modern world . Some 64 indigenous peoples living in voluntary isolation, away from the eyes of the world in the Amazon are condemned to gradual extinction in Ecuador, Peru, Brazil and Bolivia - groups like the Tagaeri, Huaorani, Taromenane Coruba, Amamhuaca, Mascha, Kineri, Nanti, Nahua and Kugapakori, among others. These tribes remain a mystery, prefer to have remained isolated existence for centuries, and avoided all contact with strangers. What little is known about them has been known by other indigenous groups and casual meetings with developers and groups of human rights defenders. However, it is clear that their number decreases rapidly: the number of Coruba only 40 individuals is also estimated that the number of speakers Mascha is between 20 and 100. It is also estimated that only 720 people speak the language Amamhuaca, 500 in Peru and 220 in Brazil.
Trying to learn more about these groups can be fatal. The last known report on contact with the Tagaeri, the indigenous group with strict isolation was in 1987 when two missionaries whose aim was to try to persuade the tribe to allow extraction of oil into their territory, he concluded with the death of two missionaries. Then the Tagaeri abandoned their homes and disappeared into the depths of the dense Amazon jungle, showing their rejection of coexistence with the modern world.
indigenous groups see the oil and gas companies, loggers, miners and entrepreneurs as "ghosts of death" because of the toxic legacy that can leave behind to pollute rivers and forests as a source considered of life for these communities. Indigenous groups have developed their own systems over medical and food supplies, but they are fragile and easily threatened by damage to the ecosystems they inhabit. Often, contact with people outside their group results in the transmission of diseases resulting in epidemics, since the Indians have no immunity to diseases in other parts would be common and curable.
Governments around the world have increasingly recognized the rights of indigenous peoples. In part, this has been the result of an empowerment process followed by those groups who have submitted their demands to governments. In the case of groups living in isolation, and would prefer to avoid contact with government and other communities, is much more difficult to respond to their needs. The Brazilian government has been one of the first to take steps to adopt a policy to create land reserves for people living in voluntary isolation, defining areas of exclusion for the extractive industries and migrants. Colombia, Ecuador and Peru are also looking for similar actions. The challenge faced by impoverished governments of the region is to achieve a balance between the exploitation of the riches of the Amazon belt for development and protection of these fragile indigenous groups and cultural heritage they represent.
Information Centre United Nations
Social Affairs, Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.
ZAPAROANAS LANGUAGES (AN EXAMPLE OF THE DANGER OF LOSS OF IDENTITY IN LANGUAGE AMAZON) 
In
actu ality in the Amazon there are hundreds of languages \u200b\u200band dialects, each with a great historical value and pride to the identity of the ethnic groups who speak them, but long as a result of the social phenomenon of Westernization that for years past led the governments of the Amazon countries towards these people, hundreds of languages \u200b\u200band dialects are in danger of extinction or already disappeared completely. At present, raised education and conservation policies of the language and culture Amazonian peoples, thus encouraging conservation. Despite these efforts, the danger of extinction continues, for it would have to see and analyze the reality of language in its present number of speakers and their geographical coverage. In this case we analyze the example of one of the languages \u200b\u200bin the past was widely used by Amazon (Peruvian and Ecuadorian), is the Záparo language family.
Zaparoanas Languages \u200b\u200bare a set of nearly extinct American Indian languages \u200b\u200bspoken in the Amazonian regions of Peru and Ecuador. According to Swadesh (1959), the degree of internal differentiation involve at least 4,100 years of linguistic divergence. Currently consists of 5 languages, all endangered or already extinct. According to the evidence, two other languages \u200b\u200balready extinct, the Aushiri omurano and are part of the family.
In general, there is consensus among modern linguists on the classification of the family zaparona. However, some speculative opinions encompassing those languages \u200b\u200bin a course-Zaparo kacupana MACROFILE, and other in-Peba Zaparo MACROFILE, based on geographic proximity. Some fits this family within the Andean family kacupana Zaparo and there are others that include the Zaparo-Peba, along with the yawan which has 6,000 years of linguistic diversity.
The territory of language speakers Zaparo lying between the northern Napo, Tigre and Amazonas south / southeast Marañón. The original nucleus of protozáparo seems to be located (Payne (1984)) around the present city of Iquitos, where the river Tigre would have amounted to its source, forming the core of the sub-Andoa Arabela.
The following chart can analyze the current situation Záparo family.
click to see:
Bibliography
- Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.). Ethnologue: Languages \u200b\u200bof the World, Fifteenth edition . Dallas, Tex.: SIL International, 2005. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com/ .
- Payne, Doris. Evidence for a Yagua -Zaparo linguistic connection. SIL-UND-WP 28: 131-156, 1984.
- Solís Fonseca, Gustavo. "Peru: multilingualism and language extinction." Native America 47 / 4. Mexico: 1987.
- Swadesh, Morris. linguistic classification maps of Mexico and the Americas . Mexico: UNAM, Journal of the Institute of History, Anthropological Series 8, 1959.
- Wise, Mary Ruth. "Small Families and isolated language in Peru." In: RMW Dixon & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (eds.), The Amazonian languages \u200b\u200b: 307-340 . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Many Amazonian groups face extinction as spaces disappear in which to live away from the modern world . 
indigenous groups see the oil and gas companies, loggers, miners and entrepreneurs as "ghosts of death" because of the toxic legacy that can leave behind to pollute rivers and forests as a source considered of life for these communities. Indigenous groups have developed their own systems over medical and food supplies, but they are fragile and easily threatened by damage to the ecosystems they inhabit. Often, contact with people outside their group results in the transmission of diseases resulting in epidemics, since the Indians have no immunity to diseases in other parts would be common and curable. 
